Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) primarily include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These are the most common types of skin cancer and are often caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): It is the most common type of skin cancer, develops slowly and rarely causes metastases. It often appears as a nodular or ulcerative lesion. It is more common in individuals with fair skin types (I, II).
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): It is the second most common skin neoplasm. It typically develops on areas of actinic keratosis and has a higher likelihood of metastasis. It often appears as a hard, rough lesion or ulceration on the skin or mucous membranes.
Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment, while prevention through sun protection plays a critical role.
Treatment Options for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
Diagnosis and Evaluation:
- Dermoscopy for detecting suspicious lesions.
- Digital mapping for detailed documentation and regular monitoring.
- Biopsy for histological confirmation of the diagnosis.
Surgical removal:
- Surgical excision: Removal of the tumor with clear margins, following international guidelines.
- Lymph node assessment/clearance if deemed necessary.
Minimally Invasive Treatments:
- Cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen..
- Φωτοδυναμική θεραπεία (PDT) σε ειδικές περιπτώσεις
- Topical treatments immunomodulators or keratolytic agents.
- Radiation therapy for cases where surgery is not feasible.
Prevention and Monitoring:
- Counseling for sun protection and prevention of recurrences.
- Regular dermatological check-ups especially for individuals in high-risk groups.
